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Transformational and Servant Leadership: Content and Contextual Comparisons

Brien N. Smith

Ball State University, Muncie, IN

Ray V. Montagno

Ball State University, Muncie, IN

Tatiana N. Kuzmenko

Ball State University, Muncie, IN

The purpose of the study is to examine conceptual similarities of transformational and servant leadership theories and analyze the contribution both theories make to the understanding of leadership. The paper examines the extent the domains of the two theories overlap, and looks at the motivation of managers to create organizational cultures using one or the other perspectives. It is suggested that servant leadership leads to a spiritual generative culture, while transformational leadership leads to an empowered dynamic culture. The paper also addresses contextual factors which might make one or the other models more appropriate for organizational objectives. It is suggested that high change environments require the empowered dynamic culture of transformational leadership, while more static environments are better served by the servant leadership culture.

Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, Vol. 10, No. 4, 80-91 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/107179190401000406
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